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								        | bid‘a  (bid‘a) |   |  
								        | (Language:  Arabic) |  
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											        | Alternate Spellings: |  |  
											        | Short Description: | Innovation. A heavily debated term in contemporary Islam; many strident puritans claim that all innovation is forbidden (ḥarām) in Islam. |  
													| Long Description: | Innovation. A heavily debated term in contemporary Islam; many strident puritans claim that all innovation is forbidden (ḥarām) in Islam. Innovation actually falls under the five axiological headings of the sharī’a: the obligatory (wājib), the recommended (mandūb), the permissible (mubāh), the offensive (makrūh), and the forbidden (ḥarām). |  
													| Example(s): |  |  
													| Source(s): | Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition, edited by  Dr. Joseph Lumbard |  
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